Robert Grosseteste, in Commentary on the Posterior Analytics Books ( Commentarius in Posteriorum Analyticorum Libros) ( c. Phrases such as "It is vain to do with more what can be done with fewer" and "A plurality is not to be posited without necessity" were commonplace in 13th-century scholastic writing. 168) stated, "We consider it a good principle to explain the phenomena by the simplest hypothesis possible." Aristotle writes in his Posterior Analytics, "We may assume the superiority ceteris paribus of the demonstration which derives from fewer postulates or hypotheses." Ptolemy ( c. The origins of what has come to be known as Occam's razor are traceable to the works of earlier philosophers such as John Duns Scotus (1265–1308), Robert Grosseteste (1175–1253), Maimonides (Moses ben-Maimon, 1138–1204), and even Aristotle (384–322 BC). Part of a page from John Duns Scotus's book Commentaria oxoniensia ad IV libros magistri Sententiarus, showing the words: " Pluralitas non est ponenda sine necessitate", i.e., "Plurality is not to be posited without necessity" Ockham stated the principle in various ways, but the most popular version, "Entities are not to be multiplied without necessity" ( Non sunt multiplicanda entia sine necessitate) was formulated by the Irish Franciscan philosopher John Punch in his 1639 commentary on the works of Duns Scotus. Ockham did not invent this principle, but its fame-and its association with him-may be due to the frequency and effectiveness with which he used it. Libert Froidmont, in his On Christian Philosophy of the Soul, gives him credit for the phrase, speaking of " novacula occami". The phrase Occam's razor did not appear until a few centuries after William of Ockham's death in 1347. Since failing explanations can always be burdened with ad hoc hypotheses to prevent them from being falsified, simpler theories are preferable to more complex ones because they tend to be more testable. For each accepted explanation of a phenomenon, there may be an extremely large, perhaps even incomprehensible, number of possible and more complex alternatives. In the scientific method, Occam's razor is not considered an irrefutable principle of logic or a scientific result the preference for simplicity in the scientific method is based on the falsifiability criterion. Similarly, in science, Occam's razor is used as an abductive heuristic in the development of theoretical models rather than as a rigorous arbiter between candidate models. This philosophical razor advocates that when presented with competing hypotheses about the same prediction, one should prefer the one that requires fewest assumptions, and that this is not meant to be a way of choosing between hypotheses that make different predictions.
Popularly, the principle is sometimes inaccurately paraphrased as "The simplest explanation is usually the best one." Attributed to William of Ockham, a 14th-century English philosopher and theologian, it is frequently cited as Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem, which translates as " Entities must not be multiplied beyond necessity", although Occam never used these exact words. It is also known as the principle of parsimony or the law of parsimony ( Latin: lex parsimoniae). Occam's razor, Ockham's razor, or Ocham's razor ( Latin: novacula Occami) in philosophy is the problem-solving principle that recommends searching for explanations constructed with the smallest possible set of elements. For the Australian radio program, see Radio National. For the aerial theatre company, see Ockham's Razor Theatre Company. De nada vale su absurda negación."Ockham's razor" redirects here. Los personajes de La navaja de Ockham, en carne viva, lo comprueban. No hay modo de escapar de este escenario de oprobio. La posverdad, la corrupción y la ambición desmedida nos pasarán factura. La novela nos estrella con la certeza de que no hay omisiones en dilemas cruciales sin consecuencias. La decencia y la esperanza son convidados de piedra, perfectos estorbos. Dos ciudades, el claustro y la urbe capitalina, en simbiosis alimentan móviles insanos y sombríos. Queda claro que, bajo la apariencia de normalidad, pululan las peores pasiones. El espeluznante final de la obra contrasta con la atmósfera contenida y alambicada del claustro. La aldea global de que hablaba Marshall McLuhan, se alimenta de los tóxicos de guerrillas burocráticas y académicas. A partir del plagio cometido en una tesis de maestría en una universidad ficticia de la cosmopolita ciudad de Panamá, nudo gordiano del relato, se ponen de manifiesto las pendencias de celos y envidia de dos universitarios que, subrepticiamente, se baten por el corazón de una condiscípula.
La navaja de Ockham es una reflexión novelada sobre los valores y dilemas de la sociedad de hoy.
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